Medical Thermography has undergone extensive research since the late 1950’s.     

Here are some of the clinical research papers and articles.

Standards and Guidelines

• International Academy of Clinical Thermology Quality Assurance Guidelines: Standards and Protocols in Clinical Thermographic Imaging    
  • (Annual Review 2020 Edition.)

Research Studies

• Effectiveness of a Noninvasive Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging System in the Detection of Breast Cancer
  •  (Am J Surg. 2008 Oct ;196 (4):523-6)

• Nondestructive Testing of the Human Breast: The Validity of Dynamic Stress Testing in Medical Infrared Breast Imaging 
  • (IEEE EMBS, 2004)

• Infrared Imaging of the Breast 
  • Initial Reappraisal Using High-Resolution Digital Technology in 100 Successive Cases of Stage I and II Breast Cancer (The Breast Journal. Vol. 4, No. 4, July/August 1998)

• Breast Thermography and Cancer Risk Prediction 
  • (Cancer 45:51-56, 1980)

• Efficacy of Computerized Infrared Imaging Analysis to Evaluate Mammographically Suspicious Lesions 
  • (AJR: 180:263-269. 2003)

• Thermobiological Assessment of Benign and Malignant Breast Diseases 
  • (Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 147;861, 1983)

• Advances in Medical Infrared Imaging 
  • (IEEE EMBS Journal, Vol. 21, No. 6, November/December 2002)

• Relationship Between Microvessel Density and Thermographic Hot Areas in Breast Cancer 
  • (Surgery Today (2003) 33:243–248)

• Manipulation of the Primary Breast Tumor and the Incidence of Sentinel Node Metastases from Invasive Breast Cancer 
  • (Abstract – Arch Surg. 2004;139:634-640.)

• Quantification of Thermal Asymmetry: Part 1 Normal Values and Reproducibility
  • (J Neurosurgery 69; 1988)

• Quantification of Thermal Asymmetry: Part 2 Application in Low-Back Pain and Sciatica
  •  (Abstract – J Neurosurgery 69; 1988)

• Thermography in Diagnosis of Radiculopathies 
  • (Clin J Pain 1989;5:249-253)

• Thermal Symmetry of the Upper and Lower Extremities in Healthy Subjects 
  • (Abstract – Thermology International, 22(2):53-60, May 2012)

• Thermal Symmetry of Skin Temperature: Normative Data of Normal Subjects in Taiwan 
  • (Abstract – Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei). 2001 Aug:64(80:459-68)

Estrogen and Breast Cancer

• Influence of Estrogen Plus Progestin on Breast Cancer and Mammography in Health Postmenopausal Women
  • (The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trial)

• Estrogen as a Carcinogen 

  • (National Institutes of Health)

• Endogenous Estrogens as Carcinogens Through Metabolic Activation
  • Abstract – J National Cancer Institute, No. 27, 67-73, 2000)

• Estrogens as Endogenous Genotoxic Agents—DNA Adducts and Mutations
  •  (Abstract – J National Cancer Institute, No. 27, 75-94, 2000)

• Tissue-Specific Synthesis and Oxidative Metabolism of Estrogens 
  • (Abstract – J National Cancer Institute, No. 27, 95-112, 2000)

• Endocrine Disruptors and Human Health: Could Estrogenic Chemicals in Body Care Cosmetics Adversely Affect Breast Cancer Incidence in Women?
  •  (Abstract – J Appl Toxicol. 2004 May-Jun;24(3):167-76.)

• The Role of Estrogen in The Initiation of Breast Cancer 
  • (J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2006 December; 102(1-5): 89–96.)

• The Potential Benefit of Progesterone on Breast Cancer 
  • (Int J Fertil Womens Med. 1998 Nov-Dec;43(6):278-85)

• Xenoestrogens and Breast Cancer 
  • (Environmental Health 2012, 11(Suppl 1):S8)

• Etiology of Fibrocystic Breast Disease: Estrogen Dominance and Progesterone Deficiency
  •  (Int J Med Res Prof.2016; 2(3); 14-19.)

• Estrogen Dominance, Fibrocysts, and Breast Cancer Risk
  •  (Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1986 Jan;154(1):161-79.)

• Estrogen and Breast Cancer Recurrence Risk 
  • (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(3). March 2008)

Progesterone and Breast Cancer

• The Effects of Progesterone on Breast Cancer Cells 
  • (Clinical Cancer Research. Vol 7, 2880-2886, September 2001)

• Bioidentical vs. Synthetic Progesterone on Breast Cancer Risk Markers 
  • (Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. Vol 101, pages125–134 (2007))
• Estrogen/Progesterone Interaction in Normal and Abnormal Breast Cells 
  • (Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1986;464:152-67)
• Transdermal Estrogen and Progesterone’s Influence on the Breast Cell Cycle 
  • (Fertil Steril. 1995 Apr;63(4):785-91)
• Synthetic and Non-Synthetic Progesterone in Relation to Breast Cancer Risk 
  • (J Steroid Biochem and Molecular Biology. Vol 97, Issue 5, Dec 2005: 441-450)
• Progesterone Deficiency and Breast Cancer Risk 
  • (Cancer 33:1306-1312, 1974.)
• Breast Cancer Incidence and Progesterone Deficiency 
  • (Amer J of Epidemiology, Vol 114, Issue 2, Aug 1981: 209–217.)
• Progesterone Inhibits Growth and Induces Cell Death in Breast Cancer Cells 
  • (Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science, Vol. 28, No. 6: 360-369. (1998))
• Progesterone Receptor: An Important Anti-Inflammatory Role in Breast Cancer 
  • (Mol Endocrinol. 2008 Aug; 22(8): 1812–1824.)
• Transdermal Progesterone Therapy in the Treatment of Fibrocystic Breast Disease 
  • (Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2016, 6, 334-341)